Plastic composition and method of making the same



ijf'ifMNlTE STATES? a COATING R PLASTIC.

Reference I, n mosyor smn g m Yonx.

PLASTIC COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF ILKING I'BE SAME.

ll 'o hrawing. application fled a rn 1?, 1919, Serial To allwiwm it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES E. KRAUB, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Brooklyn, cit of New York, in 6 the county of Kings and tate of New York,

have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Plastic Compositions and Methods of Making the Same, of which the following is a full,clear, and exact specifi- 10 cation. 7 i g It is well known that the plasticity of .4 clays is regulated very .largely by what is known in the ceramic art as water of plasticity. This term designates the amount of 16 water required to develop the maximum of plasticity. My invention has for its object ;1; to inorease the pla sticim oi glay and other mineral substances having a limited degree tflasinog. eltlqim sse ses. a. 2 erals which li fitioal yllack it, by adding 'rsta eisr rer i aef fi e stain minerals, having greater "absorptive power for'fiater than the clay or other material to be improved in plasticity, and containing a 26 higherpercentage of colloidal matter than such clay or other material. p .1 e My invention may be used to increase the plasticity of kaolin cla bauxite calcium carbonate Mme Tm 80 etc. Kmong the minerals suitable lor use as plasticity-improving agents as referred to s above, I will mention bentonite, ehrenbers.e e e e 1 anomaese hiaterials"liavlf g gglloiglgl. to cggie of tTE-G'fder-of nemesis. and simil arlhig y Colloidal meterielser s a f enei ta es as dinary c ays such 'as kaol'm, klingenburg, etc., bentonite usually containing fromigfi to 40 95%pi colloidal matter and ehrenbergite ffi'i'm 70% up, whereas ordinary clay usually contains only from one-half of one per cent to one and one-half per cent of colloidal matter, although some of the ordinary clays, especially .klingenburg, may have a larger proportion. It is to be understood that the term colloidal matter as used herein means that matter which ives bentonite and simig increasing the plasticity lar substances their colloidal pro erties.

ehelite ii prs mi ar a e ial i adde to theelay. "'rsibsian eip... 4m

macaw.- meweanecember 14-, mm.

tained. The dry powdered material, or the mixtureof such material with water, or the gelatinous mass mentioned above, is mixed thoroughly (in any suitable apparatus) with the clay or other substance to be improved. But instead of treating theclay or like substance in this manner, I may apply the treatment to an .mix-ture in which clay or an analogous su stance is used.

H The percentage of bentonite or other equivalent containing a very high percentage of colloidal matter added to the clay or other substance will vary according to the nature of the material and of the substance withvwhich it is to .bemixed. tonite is used for improvi n the of cla fi'kaolin,orthelike, m per cent of bentonitewill he sufiicient nnless very eat plasticity, isde'sired, in which case a hig 181 roportion of bentonite will be employedv gt a material less plastic than clay is to be .improved,.for instance b auxite,iflint, calci nnf; arbonate, etc.,' a greater percentage, of thehentonitehor other fine ained min eral substance iwillbe requir than when rAfrz-aurgorr ca.

E aminer ee i fiy 0m 5 i erates...

treating clay; say, from fifteen to twenty per cent of bentonite w'ill be employed in this case'instead of from :five. to ten per cent, for'ordinary' use, and lmore'if very ,high

plasticity is to be obtained 'fl I 1 improvement "f plasticity secured by flick-addition bithef fine grained minerals referred to above, lis probab lydue. to the fact that they fill the voids between thefparticles oit cla'y or the like, and causeithe mass of clay when. dried, to heoome stronger and denser,

, ien ing 'iq This action islprohahlydueto :the. very high gercentagel of colloidal matter, contained in entonite anag'similar, materials; said percntage, stated above','bei' "from about forty-five to about two 'hun red times as high as it is for clay. Another advantage of my new treatment is that the clay, upon being fired, 'reach'esthe groper density at a lower temperature than eretofore, which is of value for certain classes of work.

I am aware of the well-known methods of of kaolin by the addition of gums, tannic acid, electrolytes, etc. of these however have certain unin plasticity, eitherias. a dry 3301! er, or, desirable efiects, which are avoided by the miifw'ith' gs'uspended w:

y a viscous solu ioiijsacna a'solutlonpf alum or of-sodi'um silicate and vby ilieuse of sucli mgelatinous mass 18 oh- 7 wateg ogyyith of my invention. Thus, when an electrolyte is added, it has a tettlency to float to the surfacejand to' roduoe uneven results during sinoet e surface of the clay Y, or tlamdiiterolite, v asmy invention? body w ,me'flegw siltsjn .a mineral puhstmlca northan its intefio'r. mhlly l sihg 6o idal '11- "a much in pairs the burning density of the clay.----- -exeess--o ordinary clays, and thoroughly My invention roves theecla-ywoymther ,it-g'ith said gnaterial.

material as regar its raw strength its '7. In themeth'od of imparting plasticity bonding po mita density upon being fired; 1 1:0 a material, thcrntap which conand its slacking qualities. sists in powdering bentonite and thoroughly By my-byentiion itis-p sihI to increase mifing it wiflhsaili Qatari a @111 the plasticity'ofkaolin to such an agen that 8. In the method of imparting plasticity was bodies or glazes in the, manufacture srp similar; flares; thereby improving such goods in color andt ranslnsency, as'weltasroducia'g the'cesto! manufacture. mixig' Variousmodifications may be made' wi'tli- 9.

to a mineral material, the stepw'vhich consists in finely-dividing hydrous silicate of alumma normally" having colloidal matter much ihexcess ofiordinm'y clays, and thoroughly it with-said -'-material. I the method of imparting plasticity out depantingfrom thenature of my ihven to a-mineral materiahthe step whic 1 consists t'wn'ws defined in the appended claims. in powdering hydrous silicate of alumina While in some of the a pended claims, normally having colloidal matter much in bentonit'e" is'iiamcd' as the p sticity-im rovexcess of ordinary clays and thoroughly mixing agentfiidesire itto be understoo that ing it withfiiaid material. w thlStOVGIWQtiUlVfllBfltS, such as ehrenbergite 10. The-methodof forming a fired article of manufacture which comprises the-steps of finely dividin a mineral substance normally 5T. A plastic-composition consistingmt having colloi a1 pnoperties-in-excess of orfroni 90 m 95%of kaglin and from 10 to 5% dinary claysythenoughiy mixin itwwith anof hento v other mineral substanoe and firing the mixmfi e rnefihod of'imparting plasticity ture. 1 l

tic-a minm'al muterial; the ste which consists "1 1. A fired cohesive article of manufacture infinel dividing-a minera substance concontaining thoroughly mixed mineral ma- 5" 1n thefgreater part of colloidal metterial-a'nd afminerti sut'ntanoe'normallyhavtera nd' mixing'it with said macollcidal propertles'f {inexcess of banal." .ordmary clays- 3." inthc'method ofimparting 12. a salesman-mu of manufacture the mineralmateiial, theste whiz: consists containingthomughly mixed mineral mainifi'nely diviiiin .a minera substance norterial and bentoniter mally' havi'n co loidal' properties much 'in -13L"inth e me'thod 'ioriadding plasticity ce'sofor n'ar'y' clays and thoroughly mix-' and-bondingst-rengthtofa'tlsllaped and fired ihg it with said material. Q I p 4., In a method of imparting lasticity. towhich consist in incorp'canatmgI in-a composiaminnralfinatertai; thestepwhich oonsistsin tiontzitfihiflgclafiufinblfy" "widdxbentonfinely dtviding bentonite and thoroughly ite thoroughlymik ngthe 'rnass;shaping the 'it with said material. .body and'Sufiecting-flm sam to firing.

5. In'tlie method of impartingfpllasticitj" Hui 1 "firefi-cbliesii e body {comprising a to a mineralmaterial, the step whi consists mifirtiircontainlng slay hentonite:

in powdering a mineral substance consistin '15. A cohesive comprising a in the gii'eater partof colloidal matter and mixture cohtainingkiidlin atidbentonite; thorougfly mixing it with said material. +Intes'tiinopyfiherfof 'll afiixmysignature.

V lasticity x tofa mineral material; the step w ich con- ILALRLESEfKRAUS.

l on

H11). u again all? to set cohesive hody containing-clay the steps 

